Chapter 6: Archaic Homo

Learning Objectives- After reading this chapter and coming to class you should be able to:
1.	Understand the evidence for the gradual and rapid models of evolutionary change among the late australopithecines and early species of Homo.
2.	Be able to identify the adaptive strategies of Homo erectus and the role they played in its expansion out of Africa and into most parts of the Old World.
3.	Know what archaic Homo sapiens are, when and where they lived, and how they are related to Homo erectus and the Neandertals.
4.	Know what Neandertals are, how they are related to other species of Homo, where and when they lived, and how they adapted to life in a cold region.

Terms-  You should understand these terms and be ready to identify them:
Acheulian
Derived from the French village of St. Acheul, where these tools were first identified; Lower Paleolithic tool tradition associated with H. erectus.

AMHs
See anatomically modern humans.

archaic H. sapiens
Early H. sapiens, consisting of the Neandertals of Europe and the Middle East, the Neandertal-like hominids of Africa and Asia, and the immediate ancestors of all these hominids; lived from about 300,000 to 28,000 b.p.

glacials
The four or five major advances of continental ice sheets in northern Europe and North America.

interglacials
Extended warm periods between such major glacials as Riss and Würm.

Mousterian
Middle Paleolithic tool-making tradition associated with Neandertals.

Neandertals
H. sapiens neanderthalensis, representing an archaic H. sapiens subspecies, lived in Europe and the Middle East between 130,000 and 28,000 b.p.

Paleolithic
Old Stone Age (from Greek roots meaning "old" and "stone"); divided into Lower (early), Middle, and Upper (late).

Pleistocene
Epoch of Homo's appearance and evolution; began 1.8 million years ago; divided into Lower, Middle, and Upper.