Chapter 11: Industry

Learning Objectives- After studying this chapter you should be able to:
1.	Identify the locations and circumstances surrounding the formation and diffusion of the industrial revolution.
2.	Identify the geographic distribution of industrial centers in North America, Europe, and East Asia.
3.  Discuss the situation factors that cause industries to locate near inputs (raw materials) or markets and note the effect of transportation as another factor.
4.	Describe the effect of land, labor and capital as site factors influencing the location of industry.  Identify and discuss obstacles to choosing optical location.
5.	Identify and describe industrial problems from a global scale.
6.	Identify and compare/contrast industrial problems faced by MDCs and LDCs.

Terms-  You should understand these terms and be ready to identify them:
Break-of-bulk point A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another.
Bulk-gaining industry An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs.
Bulk-reducing industry An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs-
Cottage industry Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.
Fordist production Form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly.
Industrial Revolution A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
Labor-intensive industry An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
Maquiladora Factories built by U.S. companies in Mexico near the U.S. border, to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico.
New international division of labor Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid less skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries.
Post-Fordist production Adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks.
Right-to-work state A U.S. state that has passed a law preventing a union and company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment.
Site factors Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant, such as land, labor, and capital.
Situation factors Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory.
Textile A fabric made by weaving, used in making clothing. 
Trading bloc A group of neighboring countries that promote trade with each other and erect barriers to limit trade with other blocs.